Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Land law - Essay Example There, be that as it may, comes up short on any necessity as relating to whether the paper proprietor ought to know or not of the trespass as can be found in Rain v Buxton.8 Nonetheless, in the event that the ownership depends on a given lawful qualification, at that point it can't be named as unfavorable. Verifiable belonging: Kevin has dealt with the land and raised a lasting structure in the land. The board has not been in control of the land in this timespan while Kevin has been effectively utilizing the land for a long time. Courts must have proof of the land being had as gone in Buckinghamshire County Council v Moran.9 The Council’s ownership of the land is constrained to alternate routes. The courts need persistent belonging with some type of improvement. Trespass isn't adequate as was found on account of Powell v McFarlane.10 Nearness of inferred permit: The board has not questioned for more than 20 years regardless of the reality the Council’s supervisory group utilizes the land as an alternate way and could see the advancements made by Kevin. Inferred permit is restricted by the Limitation Act 1980, plan 1, paras 8(4). Expectation to have: The courts need evidence that trespasser needs to utilize the land (ill will possidendi) as given in Powell v McFarlane.12 The trespasser’s way to deal with ownership doesn't make a difference; notwithstanding, he should have aims to have the land exclusively.13 The trespasser must have the goal to assume full responsibility for the land and prohibit every other person including the paper

Human Nature as Viewed by Thomas Hobbes and David Hume Essay -- Philos

Human instinct as Viewed by Thomas Hobbes and David Hume Thomas Hobbes in Chapter 13 of Leviathan, and David Hume in Section 3 of An Enquiry Concerning the Princples of Morals, give perspectives on human instinct. Hobbes’ see catches survivalism as noteworthy in our temperament yet can't represent unselfishness. We spread Hobbes’ hypothesis with a hypothesis of Varied Levels of Survivalism, clarifying a bigger assortment of conduct with the establishment Hobbes gives. Hume gives a situation which doesn't straightforwardly demonstrate productive, yet he captures benevolent conduct. We will give Hobbes’ perspective on human instinct as he portrays it in Chapter 13 of Leviathan. We will at that point give a contention for putting an explaining layer over the Hobbesian see so as to represent demonstrations of philanthropy. Hobbes sees human instinct as the war of each man against each man. For Hobbes, the embodiment of human instinct can be discovered when we consider how man acts separated from any administration or request. Hobbes portrays the world as â€Å"a time of war, where each man is foe to each man.† (Hobbes mp. 186) In such a world, there are â€Å"no expressions; no letters; no general public; and which is to top it all off, persistent dread, and threat of savage demise; and the life of man, singular, poor, awful, brutish, and short.† (Hobbes mp. 186) Hobbes accepts that laws are what control us from acting similarly now. He confirms that our temperament is like this by refering to that we keep on locking our entryways because of a paranoid fear of robbery or damage. Hobbes gives a decent contention which is in accordance with what we are aware of survivalism, and confirmations his case well. Hobbes asserts that man is perpetually discontent in having organization, except if t hat organization is totally overwhelmed. He says, â€Å"men have no joy, (yet on the opposite an incredible dea... ...vivalist sense that includes self-safeguarding. Hobbes, be that as it may, can't clarify unselfishness, along these lines we built up the Varied Levels of Survivalism as a layer over his hypothesis. This alteration takes into consideration differing thought processes dependent on conditions, all dependent on endurance. Hume observes this philanthropic propensity however he gives a situation that is either inapplicable or he doesn't channel survivalism from humankind. Using Hobbes’ survivalism, Hume’s liberality when fit, and the Varied Levels of Survivalism, we show up at a reasonable hypothesis of human instinct and clarification of human conduct. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. (2001, October 30) Leviathan (1651). Accessible at: http://www.infidels.org/library/chronicled/thomas_hobbes/leviathan.html Hume, David, 1772 (reproduced in 2004) An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (New York, Barnes and Noble)

The 4 Major Personality Perspectives and Theories

The 4 Major Personality Perspectives and Theories Theories Personality Psychology Print The 4 Major Personality Perspectives By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 26, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Psychoanalytic Perspective Humanistic Perspective Trait Perspective Social Cognitive Perspective View All Back To Top The study of personality is one of the major topics of interest in psychology. Numerous personality theories exist and most of the major ones fall into one of four major perspectives. Each of these perspectives on personality attempts to describe different patterns in personality, including how these patterns form and how people differ on an individual level. Learn more about the four major perspectives of personality, the theorist associated with each theory and the core ideas that are central to each perspective.  Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Psychoanalytic Perspective The psychoanalytic perspective of personality emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. This perspective on personality was created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who believed that things hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in a number of different ways, including through dreams, free association, and slips of the tongue.?? Neo-Freudian theorists, including Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney, believed in the importance of the unconscious but disagreed with other aspects of Freuds theories. Major Theorists and Theories Sigmund Freud: Stressed the importance of early childhood events, the influence of the unconscious and sexual instincts in the development and formation of personality.Erik Erikson: Emphasized the social elements of personality development, the identity crisis and how personality is shaped over the course of the entire lifespan.??Carl Jung: Focused on concepts such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, and psychological types.Alfred Adler: Believed the core motive behind personality involves striving for superiority, or the desire to overcome challenges and move closer toward self-realization. This desire to achieve superiority stems from underlying feelings of inferiority that Adler believed were universal.Karen Horney: Focused on the need to overcome basic anxiety, the sense of being isolated and alone in the world. She emphasized the societal and cultural factors that also play a role in personality, including the importance of the parent-child relationship. Humanistic Perspective The humanistic perspective of personality focuses on psychological growth, free will, and personal awareness. It takes a more positive outlook on human nature and is centered on how each person can achieve their individual potential.?? Major Theorists Carl Rogers: Believed in the inherent goodness of people and emphasized the importance of a free will and psychological growth. He suggested that the actualizing tendency is the driving force behind human behavior.Abraham Maslow: Suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.?? The most basic needs are centered on things necessary for life such as food and water, but as people move up the hierarchy these needs become centered on things such as esteem and self-actualization. Trait Perspective The trait perspective of personality is centered on identifying, describing and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality.?? By understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better comprehend the differences between individuals. Major Theorists Hans Eysenck: Suggested that there are three dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion-introversion, 2) emotional stability-neuroticism and 3) psychoticism.Raymond Cattell: Identified 16 personality traits that he believed could be utilized to understand and measure individual differences in personality.Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: Introduced the big five theory, which identifies five key dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to experience, 4) conscientiousness and 5) agreeableness.?? Social Cognitive Perspective The social cognitive perspective of personality emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes. Major Theorists Albert Bandura: Emphasized the importance of social learning, or learning through observation. His theory emphasized the role of conscious thoughts including self-efficacy, or our own beliefs in our abilities.??

The Real Lincoln By Thomas J. A Brief - 1724 Words

â€Å"The Real Lincoln written by Thomas J. Dilorenzo published in 2002 gives us details into the Lincoln presidency It shows how Lincoln wanted a more central government he was not a man for all people but for the north. It shows that Lincoln was not the reason for the split in the country but a sense of pride was to blame. He did not support equal rights in slave and white americans. He was for the â€Å" American system† and the expansion of America. Lorenzo is a member of the faculty at Loyola University of Maryland where he teaches economics. Lorenzo also wrote several other books: Lincoln Unmasked, How Capitalism Saved America, Hamilton’s Curse, and Inflating War. He is not the biggest fan of Lincoln in The Real Lincoln; in this book he tends†¦show more content†¦Or was one of the most respected presidents out for his own personal gain. And there are no pictures in the book just charts throughout the book to show the facts about something that the autho r is trying to say. This book is organized very well it seems to go chronologically throughout the book. It is separated by chapters each telling something about Lincoln’s presidency such as racial equality, emancipation, during and after the war. Racial Equality is something this great president is know for nowadays but is that really how it was? â€Å"Lincoln has gone down in history as a champion os equality; indeed, some political scientists’ such as Harry V. Jaffa, have even argued that Lincoln literally redefined the purpose of American government as the pursuit of equality rather than individual liberty. This is a problematic interpretation, however, for Lincoln stated over and over that he was opposed to racial equality.†(11) â€Å"I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races† Lincoln is very opposed to the racial equality that he is know for now he supported the Republican party.(11) â€Å"Then he goes on later to contradicting himself saying he has no â€Å"purpose to interfere† with all the states that have slavery.†(Events Calendar America’s Civil War) The Emancipation Proclamation is something many people nowadays see as something that freed most slaves. But it â€Å"did not free a single slave†

Dialectics Free Essays

Dialectics has been considered as one of the three original liberal arts known to classical philosophers as the Trivium, with the other two as rhetoric and grammar Dialectics Dialectics has been considered as one of the three original liberal arts known to classical thinkers as the Trivium, with the other two as rhetoric and grammar. During the ancient times in Greece, dialectic’s forte was at the affairs of persuasion, very much like its sister counterpart rhetoric. Dialectic’s purpose was to resolve discrepancies and disagreements through logical and rational discourses. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialectics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The simple approach and explanation to how dialectics work is through the three step process of thesis-antithesis-synthesis, which was postulated by a German idealist philosopher named Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel. He identified that for which, say a given premise, would be the emergence of a proposition (the theses) only later to be refuted (hence the anti-thesis of it). Being in this state of unacceptability, the only alternative is to arrive at a higher understanding or denial of the supposed presupposition of the thesis and anti-thesis forming a third proposition termed as the synthesis. A more simple and un-Hegelian example to understand dialectics is, let’s suppose you just got a hold of a brand new cell phone. Being new to you, you have a limited understanding of it. You start on a state of ignorance knowing that its only purpose or the only reason for having one is to enable you to communicate. (thesis) Sooner or later, one way or another, the batteries will run out(assuming it is not a solar powered device) and it will stop functioning, hence the opposite of communicating or not being able to communicate. anti-thesis) Only then when you have a deeper understanding that for a cell phone to work and operate it needs a power source and learning the concept of recharging/changing the power source(a synthesis is reached and you gain a higher knowledge about the cell phone)will you get it to function properly again. Frederick Engels and Karl Marx, two very well-known revolutionary thinkers during their time applied this philosophical thought in studying the ideal and material condition of the world. It has been the theoretical foundation of Marxism which led to the development of dialectic materialism, which is simply the combination of Hegel’s theory of Dialectics and Materialism and Historical Materialism, the application of dialectic materialism in studying history. The first principle of dialectics according to Frederick Engels is that everything, be it physical and material objects to real world processes, is made of opposing forces or opposing sides. (Fleck) To elaborate on this principle just look at everything around you. Everything works like a magnet. Objects hold each other because of the opposing forces that keep them from flying separately. The chair you sit on tries to break away from the earth, but the planet’s gravity keeps it from doing so, the sun is held together by gravity which counteracts the nuclear reaction from its core. Even seemingly abstract concepts are made of opposites. For instance, to have an idea of the concept of bad, we need an idea of what is good, to have an idea of what is hot, we need an idea of what is cold and so forth. This is what Engel called the interpenetration of opposites which he frequently referred to as the unity of opposites. Many critics have argued on this property of dialectics which up to until now, many thinkers, new and old alike have yet to settle. Another important principle of dialectics that Engel stated in his work about dialectics is that in everything, gradual changes lead to turning points. (Fleck) What happens is that the two opposing forces in a process of change push against each other. Change would be gradual if one side is stronger than the other one. But when the other side becomes stronger, there is a turning point, much like when too much trees is cut down in a mountain slope, a mud slide occurs (turning point), you heat a kernel of corn until it turns into popcorn (turning point). This is what Engel referred to as the principle of the transformation of quantity into quality. Quantitative change results from the steady but continuous dominance of one opposing side or force. Things then follow a qualitative change when the other or opposite side dominates the other. The third principle of dialectics is that changes moves in spirals, not circles. (Fleck) Around us processes of change are cyclical in the sense that at first, one side dominates, then the other as in the cycle of day and night, breathing in and breathing out, one opposite then another. Engels claims things turn in cycles. However, it is not indispensable that they would return to where they came from and how they started. It is therefore cyclical but not circular. Change is ever-changing, moving in spirals. This principle is referred to by Engels as the law of negation of negation. This seemingly complex principle, according to Engel goes on and on in everyday life. This happens when one side overpowers the other making the first negation. The dominated side then overpowers the dominating side at some point making the second negation. This is what law of negation of negation explains. In real-life drama, dialectics play a crucial role, in communication specifically in day-to-day normal conversations more than we ought to think. Traditionally, dialectics has been considered as a linguistic process that leads to generation of new ideas and thought by one’s apprehension of a contradiction and paradox between two or more opposites. It layman’s term, a conversation starts with stating a point of view followed by the others verification of its validity or questioning it from other points of view. In this whole conversation process, the clash of ideas or propositions trying to reach a consensual agreement which in turn is still ultimately questioned from other perspectives. Much like dialectics, in dialogues there is an imminent clash of ideas that are going on between individuals which ultimately lead to a consensus. The use of the dialectical approach or method in analyzing our history has long been used by its pioneer thinkers, more notable in arts, philosophy, science and religion. This may have been due to the analytical and critical capability of dialectics in explaining why and how changes occur which is essential for historians in probing the past. By pinpointing what stream of thinking and clashing ideas during a particular epoch, much can be surmised to wisely presuppose what will would or could happen next. Dialectics is essential in understanding fully the how’s and the why’s of how things happen. It provides the tool that gives wisdom on knowing the factors of change in a society and how it is ultimately molded and formed. Another concept that is noteworthy in the field of dialectics is called the â€Å"principal contradiction†, termed by Mao Zedong. This is defined as the contradiction in all things that needs to be resolved first and foremost. In determining what the principal contradiction in a thing, it is necessary to look at the overall or main goal of it. The three principle of dialectics namely. (1)the unity of opposites,(2)quantity into quality, and (3)negation of negation fits clearly on how to identify and possibly solve the principal contradiction in our society though it does not give a clear blueprint on what should be done. How to cite Dialectics, Papers

America Industrial Revolution free essay sample

Industrial revolution has been identified as the defining force behind the tremendous economic growth witnessed in the American nation during the 19th and twentieth century (Hudson 56). Thanks to industrial revolution, the American nation improved its ability to conduct mass production both for its domestic needs and surplus for export. Just to be appreciated here is the factor that the sustainable economic development of any nation does not only depend on self-sufficiency but on its ability to conduct international business. Another important aspect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment, a factor that served to mitigate human exploitation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Â  However, the American industrial revolution is blamed for compromising the sustainable competitive advantage of small scale cortege industries in the nation (Michigan State University). The revolution is also significantly blamed for compromising the cultural identity of the individual American ethnic groups (Hudson 88). This is because it led to increased social intermixing of races as well as cross-race marriages. Still, the revolution is closely attributed to an increase in environmental hazards among American communities (Hudson 91). This paper is written as a discussion on the effects of the American industrial revolution. The author takes a look at both sides of the implications of the revolution to the American people. Effects of industrial revolution to the life of the Americans There are many positive effects of the American industrial revolution to the people of America. According to available historical information, the massive industrial growth in the American nation during the 19th century is the direct result of its current superpower status in the globe. Following the emergence of the industrial revolution, the people of America enjoyed the concept of increased production in the industries, a factor that greatly improved their investment profitability (Collier, and Kevin 21). It is worth noting that the sole purpose of any investor is to ensure maximum profits. Although slaves provided cheap labor for agricultural industries in America, their productivity could not much the modernized agricultural practices that came with the industrial revolution. Another important effect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment in the nation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Prior to the onset of the industrial revolution, slavery was one of the most commonly employed forms of labor for fueling the economy of America. This was a negation of the human rights since slaves were perceived as a property to their masters rather than human beings who deserved decent treatment. Nevertheless, with the coming of the industrial revolution, there came more effective and reliable machine technologies, a factor which negated the need for forced labor in the industries (Collier, and Kevin 25). This greatly improved the working conditions for the employed people of America. Still on formalization of employment is the creation of new employment opportunities for the American citizens (Michigan State University). The onset of industrial revolution brought with it new jobs for the different professional classes in the American nation. This did not only serve to improve the living standards for some members of the community but also as an encouragement for professionalism among Americans. Also, the revolution is to be thanked for the innovative development of industrial management and leadership principles as well as strategic marketing practices in America (Collier, and Kevin 27). With increased level of productivity, management and industrial leadership principles grew. Such also called for the expansionism process by the American nation in the quest to ensure sustainable market for its surplus products. According to proponents of the industrial revolution, the American industrial revolution brought with it the need for innovative approach to problem solving. It is rightly asserted that necessity is the ultimate mother of invention. Still, it is worth to acknowledge the fact that the process of industrialization has undergone many challenges. Based on this reasoning, the American industrial revolution is praised for the overall improvement of the technological and economic stand of the American nation (Collier, and Kevin 28). As per the available information, America is one of the leading influences in the international industrial product market to date. This gives its citizens a competitive advantage over those of other nations. Also, the extensive industrial revolution that marked America during the 19th and early 20th centuries are to be praised for the power control enjoyed by the nation across the globe (Michigan State University). According to available information, due to the influence of its industrial revolution, the American nation enjoys the competitive advantage of intellectual properties. Just to be underscored here is the fact that intellectual properties are found to promote the economic advantage of a nation. This is because they are protected by the law against use by other persons without providing commercial benefits to the source. Therefore, since the revolution led to establishment of numerous intellectual property rights, it served to protect the social and economic stability of the American people (Hudson 67).

Swot Analysis of Bank of America Essay Example

Swot Analysis of Bank of America Paper Bank of America: SWOT Analysis The Bank of America abides by a corporate philosophy that values diversity and aims to implement it on a large scale within the organization. On its websites, the bank proclaims that â€Å"work environment draws on the strength of every associate to build an atmosphere of personal and professional growth† (Bank of America Corporation 2006). To implement the goals of increasing diversity and including different types of employees in corporate environments, the Bank of America has created a number of organizations and groups. One of them is the Diversity Advisory Council, including employees from different levels who can make a difference at the organizational level. Diversity Business Councils are found in many BoA divisions, exploring issues pertaining to diversity and producing recommendations for the improvement in this area. The bank has also organized the Diversity Network that aims â€Å"to encourage and capitalize on the diversity of our associates and promote personal and professional development† (Bank of America Corporation 2006). Diversity is also promoted by various affinity groups acknowledged and supported by the bank’s management, including various racial groups, people with disabilities, gays and lesbians, bisexuals, and women. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bank of America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bank of America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bank of America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The efforts of the Bank of America to implement diversity did not go unnoticed by business publications and analytical agencies. Over the course of years, the bank has accumulated a number of rewards for its commitment to diversity practices. Among those are a Best Company for Working Mothers from Working Mother magazine, a Best Company for Diversity from DiversityInc., one out of top 100 Companies for Hispanics from Hispanic Magazine, Best Company for Latinas from LATINA Style magazine, and others. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility The Bank of America demonstrates a consistent commitment to community development. One of the examples is the Neighbourhood Excellence initiative in which the bank invests in the development of local nonprofits in different locations. The bank reports to â€Å"fund $200,000 in operating support to 2 nonprofits in each of 40 markets† (Bank of America Corporation 2006). In addition, it provides funds to leaders with significant accomplishments and student leaders. The bank partners with a number of charity and non-profit organizations to assist them in noble causes. For example, it claims to be committed to participation in disaster relief efforts nation-wide. Cooperating with HomeAid America, the Bank of America participates in the construction of homes for the poor. The organization is involved in building houses for the temporary homeless in 11 states. On January 14, 2005, the Bank of America provided â€Å"a $100,000 grant and $50,000 sponsorship† for this organization to help it forward its goals (Bank of America Corporation 2006). Another example of how the Bank of America applies the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is the MBNA Foundation supported by the bank. It strives to support financially â€Å"education, human services, health services, and the arts† (Bank of America Corporation 2006). These community donations are distributed as grants for which any local organization can apply. The financial institution in 2004 announced the goal of $1.5 billion annual donation to corporate philanthropy over 10 years. This signifies a serious commitment to CSR, even against the background of the company’s revenues. 3. Rewards and Team Incentives The Bank of America has an extensive award program designed to inspire people to achieve company goals. Since the bank is committed to the image of a responsible company, it chose to reward employees who lead an environmentally conscious lifestyle. Each employee who lives at a distance of 90 miles or less from Boston, Charlotte, NC, and Los Angeles, will receive the amount matching a $3,000 federal tax credit for replacing one’s car with a hybrid vehicle. Anne Finucane, the bank’s Global Marketing Corporate Affairs associate, says: â€Å"†Given the size of our commuting associate base, the hybrid program expands our commitment to the environment and helps our associates to participate in making a difference while cutsting down on their commuting costs† (Drosjack 2006). Outlining the basics of its corporate compensation, the bank states that a large part of the compensation comes in incentives and bonuses, although it does not disclose exactly what proportion and the details of the bonus system. The program called Rewarding Success will provide incentives to employees receiving less than $100,000 annually. They will get a cash bonus or defer it to their retirement account if the company â€Å"meets or exceeds annual business targets† (Bank of America Corporation 2006). As to team incentives, the Bank of America does not seem to be really committed to them. The only evidence of teamwork is the existence of the Team Bank of America, but this system includes a number of teams that promote the company’s CSR goals such as environment protection, community development, and volunteer services. This network gives employees opportunities for self-expression, but there is no mention of any financial incentives included in its framework. Bibliography Bank of America Corporation. 2006. 27 Aug. 06 . Drosjack, Melissa. â€Å"Private Sector, States Promote Rewards for Hybrid Drivers.† Fox News 5 July 2006. 27 Aug. 06 .